Role of adipocytokines in insulin resistance: Studies from Urban Western Indian Population

We determine the relative contribution adipocytokines to insulin resistance (IR) in urban Western Indian population. The serum adipocytokine [leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] levels and their association with IR in different metabolic disorders state like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was determined. A total of 215 subjects including 41 control, 41 obese, 89 T2DM and 44 diabetic patients with hypertension were recruited in this cross sectional study. Fasting adipocytokines and high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) levels were measured by ELISA method. Insulin Resistance index of Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The relation between these variables was studied by Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Adipocytokine profile was altered in insulin resistance state like obesity and T2DM compared to controls. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with insulin resistance as a dependent variable shows that adiponectin as a significant predictor of insulin resistance in urban Western Indian population. Multiple logistic regression analysis using diabetes and obesity as the dependent variable revealed that adipocytokines had a strong association with insulin resistance. This study provides a strong association between adipocytokine and IR. With the increasing epidemic of obesity and T2DM in India, these adipocytokine markers that integrate metabolic and inflammatory signals may play important roles in the early detection of diabetes and planning of therapeutic strategies.